Online Learning Programs for Academic Tutor

FOURTH SEMESTER

Course Code

Title of the Course

 11241B

PART-I : HUMAN SKILLS DEVELOPMENT - II

Learning objective:

1. To Make the Students develop human skills.

  BLOCK I:

GUIDENCE AND COUNSELLING

Unit – IGuidance & Counselling – Role of Counsellor - Importance and Techniques of counselling

Unit – II

Managerial skill- Need – Importance

Unit – III

Human relational skills-Communication-Attention

BLOCK II: TECHNICAL SKILLS

Unit – IV Conceptual skills-Meaning-Importance

Unit – V Technical skills-Techniques-Practices-Tools-Procedures

Unit – VI Presentation skills-Planning-Preparation-Delivery

Unit – VII Organization skills-Meaning-Nature-Importance-Types

Unit – VIII Multi-Tasking skills Responsibilities-Causes

Unit – IX Leader- Qualities of a good leader

BLOCK III: UNDERSTANDING SKILLS

Unit – X Understanding Skills -Human systems: Individual, Group, organization, and their major interactions

Unit – XI Understanding Skills -Human systems: Community and Society, andtheir major interactions

BLOCK IV: SOCIETY BASED SKILLS

Unit – XII Problem solving skills – Handling –Facing - Importance

Unit – XIII Cooperative Learning Skills

Unit – XIV Making Social Responsibilities-Causes

References:

1. Les Giblin, Skill with People, 1995.

2. Shiv Khera, You Can Win, 2002.

3. Christian H Godefroy, Mind Power.

4. Dale Carnegie, How to Enjoy Your Life and Your Job, 1985.

5. Natalie H Rogers, How to Speak without Fear, 1982.

6. Dale Carnegie, How to Develop Self-Confidence and Influence People by Public Speaking.

FOURTH SEMESTER

Course Code

Title of   the Course

11242

PART-II : ENGLISH PAPER - IV

Learning objective:

1. To make the students master the different topics prescribed in the Short Stories, Drama, Fiction, and Tales from Shakespeare, Biographies, Grammar and Composition.

block I: short stories

  Unit – I

Lalajee- Jim Corbelt

 Unit – II

A Day‗s Wait- Hemmingway

 Unit – III

Two old   Men- Leo Tolstoy

 Unit –IV

Little Girls wiser than Men - Tolstoy

 Unit – V

Boy who wanted more Cheese

- William Elliot Griffir

block II: drama and fiction

Unit – VI Pygmalion - G.B. Shaw

Unit – VII Swami and Friends - R.K. Narayanan

BLOCK III: SHAKESPEARE

Unit – VIII - The Merchant of Venice

Unit – IX - Romeo and Juliet

Unit – X - The Winter‗s Tale

BLOCK IV: BIOGRAPHIES, GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION

Unit – XI

- Martin-Luther king- R.N. Roy

 Unit – XII

- Nehru - A.J. Toynbee

Unit – XIII - Concord- Phrases and Clauses-Question Tag

Unit – XIV - Expansion of Proverbs

- Group Discussion

- Conversation (Apologizing, Requesting, Thanking )

References:

1. Sizzlers, by the Board of Editors, Publishers-: Manimekala Publishing House, Madurai.

2. Pygmalion – G.B. Shaw.

3. Swami and Friends – R.K. Narayan.

4. Tales from Shakespeare Ed. by the Board of Editors, Harrows Publications, Chennai.

5. Modern English – A Book of Grammar Usage and Composition by N.Krishnaswamy, Macmillan Publishers.

FOURTH SEMESTER

  Course Code

Title of   the Course

 11243

SHAKESPEARE

Learning objectives:

1. To make the students study and appreciate select plays of Shakespeare.

2. To provide the students a first-hand knowledge of the plays of Shakespeare and to create in them an awareness of the genius of Shakespeare as aplaywright.

BLOCK I:

SHAKESPEARE’S PLAYS - I

Unit – I

Unit – II Unit – III- A Midsummer Night‗s Dream

- As You Like It

- Richard II-Tragedy

BLOCK II: SHAKESPEARE’S PLAYS - II

Unit – IV - Richard II-Political Play

Unit – V - Julius Caesar

Unit – VI - winter‗s Tale

BLOCK III: CHARACTERISTICS OF SHAKESPEARE’S PLAYS

Unit – VII - Shakespeare‗s Theatre and Audience

Unit – VIII - Shakespeare‗s Comedy

Unit – IX - Shakespeare‗s Tragedy

Unit – X - Shakespeare‗s Historical Plays

BLOCK IV: CRITICAL REFLECTION ON SHAKESPEARE’S PLAYS

Unit – XI - Shakespeare Criticism

Unit – XII - Shakespeare‗s Women‗s Characters

Unit – XIII - Shakespeare‗s Songs – Music in - Shakespeare‗s Plays

Unit – XIV - Clowns and Fools in Shakespeare‗s Plays

References:

1. A.C. Bradley: Shakespearean Tragedy.

2. H. Granville-Barker: Preface to Shakespeare.

3. G.W. Knight: The ImperialTheme.

4. E.M.W. Tillyard: Shakespeare‗s Last Plays.

5. B. Evans: Shakespeare‗s Comedies.

6. E.K. Chambers: Shakespeare: A Survey.

7. K. Muir: Shakespeare: The Comedies.

8. A.L. Rouse: Shakespeare‗s Sonnets.

9. Wilson Knight: The Wheel of Fire.

FOURTH SEMESTER

  Course Code

Title of   the Course

11244

MODERN AND   POST- MODERN LITERATURE

Learning objective:

1. To make the students acquaint with modern and post-modern literature.

BLOCK I: POETRY

  Unit – I W.B. Yeats

: A Prayer for my Daughter

 Unit – II

W.B. Yeats: The Second Coming

 Unit – III

T.S. Eliot

: The Journey of the Magi

 BLOCK II: DRAMA

 Unit – IV

W.H. Auden : The Unknown Citizen

 Unit – V

Seamus Heaney : Death   of a Naturalist

 Unit – VI

Ibsen

: A Doll‗s House

 Unit – VII

Samuel Beckett

: Waiting for Godot

 BLOCK III: NOVEL

 Unit – VIII

Virginia Woolf

: To   the lighthouse- The window

 Unit – IX

Virginia Woolf 

: To the lighthouse - Time passes

 Unit – X

Virginia Woolf

: To the lighthouse (Chapters I to X)

 Unit – XI

George Orwell

: Animal   Farm

 Unit – XII

Murray Leinster

: Sidewise in Time

 Unit – XIII

Salman Rushdie

: Midnight‗s Children

BLOCK IV: PROSE (SPEECHES)

Unit – XIV World Famous Speeches

References:

1. Fowler, Alastair. The History of English Literature, p. 372 Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA (1989).

2. Childs, Peter (2008). Modernism. Routledge.

3. J. H. Dettmar "Modernism" in the Oxford Encyclopedia of British Literature ed. by David Scott Kastan. Oxford University Press, 2006.

4. Pratt, William. The Imagist Poem, Modern Poetry in Miniature (Story Line Press, 1963, expanded 2001).

5. McHale, Brian. ''Postmodernist Fiction''. Methuen, 1987.

6. Hutcheon, Linda. A Poetics of Postmodernism: History, Theory, Fiction. NY: Routledge, 2004.

7. Hans-Peter Wagner, A History of British, Irish and American Literature, Trier2003.

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5 April 2025

‘Little Girls Wiser Than Men’ by Leo Tolstoy: Short Story Analysis https://www.insaneowl.com/little-girls-wiser-than-men-by-leo-tolstoy-short-story-analysis/

Written: 1885
Source: Translated by the Maudes
Transcription/Markup: Andy Carloff
Online Source: RevoltLib.com; 2021

It was an early Easter. Sledging was only just over; snow still lay in the yards; and water ran in streams down the village street.

Two little girls from different houses happened to meet in a lane between two homesteads, where the dirty water after running through the farm-yards had formed a large puddle. One girl was very small, the other a little bigger. Their mothers had dressed them both in new frocks. The little one wore a blue frock, the other a yellow print, and both had red kerchiefs on their heads. They had just come from church when they met, and first they showed each other their finery, and then they began to play. Soon the fancy took them to splash about in the water, and the smaller one was going to step into the puddle, shoes and all, when the elder checked her:

'Don't go in so, Malásha,' said she, 'your mother will scold you. I will take off my shoes and stockings, and you take off yours.'

They did so; and then, picking up their skirts, began walking towards each other through the puddle. The water came up to Malásha's ankles, and she said:

'It is deep, Akoúlya, I'm afraid!'

'Come on,' replied the other. 'Don't be frightened. It won't get any deeper.'

When they got near one another, Akoúlya said:

'Mind, Malásha, don't splash. Walk carefully!'

​She had hardly said this, when Malásha plumped down her foot so that the water splashed right on to Akoúlya's frock. The frock was splashed, and so were Akoúlya's eyes and nose. When she saw the stains on her frock, she was angry and ran after Malásha to strike her. Malásha was frightened, and seeing that she had got herself into trouble, she scrambled out of the puddle, and prepared to run home. Just then Akoúlya's mother happened to be passing, and seeing that her daughter's skirt was splashed, and her sleeves dirty, she said:

'You naughty, dirty girl, what have you been doing?'

'Malásha did it on purpose,' replied the girl.

At this Akoúlya's mother seized Malásha, and struck her on the back of her neck. Malásha began to howl so that she could be heard all down the street. Her mother came out.

'What are you beating my girl for?' said she; and began scolding her neighbor. One word led to another and they had an angry quarrel. The men came out, and a crowd collected in the street, every one shouting and no one listening. They all went on quarreling, till one gave another a push, and the affair had very nearly come to blows, when Akoúlya's old grandmother, stepping in among them, tried to calm them.

'What are you thinking of, friends? Is it right to behave so? On a day like this, too! It is a time for rejoicing, and not for such folly as this.'

They would not listen to the old woman, and nearly knocked her off her feet. And she would not have been able to quiet the crowd, if it had not been for Akoúlya and Malásha themselves. While the women were abusing each other, Akoúlya had wiped the mud off her frock, and gone back to the puddle. She took a stone and began scraping away the earth in front of the puddle to make a channel through which the water could run out into the street. Presently Malásha joined her, and with a chip of wood helped her dig the channel. Just as the men were beginning to fight, the water ​from the little girls' channel ran streaming into the street towards the very place where the old woman was trying to pacify the men. The girls followed it; one running each side of the little stream.

'Catch it, Malásha! Catch it!' shouted Akoúlya; while Malásha could not speak for laughing.

Highly delighted, and watching the chip float along on their stream, the little girls ran straight into the group of men; and the old woman, seeing them, said to the men:

'Are you not ashamed of yourselves? To go fighting on account of these lassies, when they themselves have forgotten all about it, and are playing happily together. Dear little souls! They are wiser than you!'

The men looked at the little girls, and were ashamed, and, laughing at themselves, went back each to his own home.

'Except ye turn, and become as little children, ye shall in no wise enter into the kingdom of heaven.'

Leo Tolstoy Archive